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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

构建“政府+保险+慈善”防贫共同体 河南筑牢防止规模性返贫底线******

　　人民网郑州1月6日电（杨晓娜）近日，伴随着“政府+保险+慈善”保单落地，河南省三门峡市卢氏县为“三类监测对象”6776户18467人筑牢一道返贫“拦水坝”。

　　此次，是河南保险创新形式，探索构建以政府救助为主导，慈善救助为补充，社会力量共同参与的政社互动防贫保险共同体，通过保险防贫预警、返贫处置、脱贫保稳，兜牢防止规模性返贫的底线。

　　卢氏县作为河南省乡村振兴重点帮扶县，全县共有“三类监测对象”(包括脱贫不稳定户、边缘易致贫户、突发严重困难户)6776户18467人，防止返贫致贫的任务依然很重。

　　为做好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接，作为河南省首家保险法人机构,中原农险聚焦建立防止返贫长效机制，多方联动，筑牢返贫“拦水坝”。“该项目将卢氏县监测帮扶对象作为被保险人，将监测帮扶对象因病、因灾、因意外等客观原因导致的生活困难和人均纯收入低于省定监测线差额作为保险责任，将为全县监测帮扶对象提供32.13亿元的返贫风险保障。”中原农险卢氏县营销服务部经理王峰介绍。

　　据介绍，保险资金由卢氏县政府、卢氏慈善总会、慈善企业共同负担，县政府和县慈善总会共同出资200万元，其中县政府出资60万元，县慈善总会出资140万元，中原农险协调慈善企业捐赠58.54万元。

　　据中原农险副总经理雷廷军介绍，在监测帮扶对象因病、因灾、因意外等风险保障的基础上，对监测对象人均纯收入低于省定监测线给予补差性兜底保障，同时将慈善保险标的拓展至苹果“保险+期货”项目，保障产业发展风险。此外，拓宽慈善来源，参与慈善会“99公益日”项目，联合县级慈善会、扶贫基金会、期货机构拓宽慈善资金来源，协同中原信托发起慈善信托产品筹集资金。

　　早在2022年3月，中原农险引入慈善机制开拓减贫资金来源，在柘城县落地全国首单“政府+慈善+保险”的新型防贫保险，此次，是在原有基础上持续对“保险+慈善”项目进行升级。

　　截至目前，“政府+慈善+保险”的防贫共同体项目在河南省柘城县、卢氏县、宜阳县、浚县、陕州区等5个县区落地，筹集慈善信托、慈善会、金融机构等慈善资金440.38万元，带动财政补贴资金945.27万元，为2.7万户监测帮扶对象提供54.02亿元风险保障。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）